IELTS Listening Practice Test
Cambridge IELTS 10_Test 3_Section 4
Question 1 - 10
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
‘Self-regulatory focus theory’ and leadership
Self-regulatory focus theory
People’s focus is to approach pleasure or avoid pain.
Promotion goals focus on 1
Prevention goals emphasise avoiding punishment.
Factors that affect people’s focus
The Chronic Factor
• comes from one’s 2
The 3 Factor
• we are more likely to focus on promotion goals when with a 4
• we are more likely to focus on prevention goals with our boss
How people’s focus affects them
Promotion Focus: People think about an ideal version of themselves, their 5 and their gains.
Prevention Focus: People think about their ‘ought’ self and their obligations.
Leaders
Leadership behaviour and 6 affects people’s focus.
Transformational Leaders:
• pay special attention to the 7 of their followers
• passionately communicate a clear 8
• inspire promotion focus in followers
Transactional Leaders:
• create 9 to make expectations clear
• emphasise the results of a mistake
• inspire prevention focus in followers
Conclusion
Promotion Focus is good for jobs requiring 10
Prevention Focus is good for work such as a surgeon.
Leaders’ actions affect which focus people use.
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Cambridge IELTS 10_Test 3_Section 4
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