Rainforests 101 | National Geographic

[Narrator] Shrouded in a blanket of clouds they awaken. Their canopies of green glitter in the sun. Their wildlife start to slither. (snake hissing) – Chirp. (birds chirping) – And growl. (growling) – And one of the planet’s richest ecosystems comes to life. (crickets chirping)

Rainforests are the oldest living ecosystems on the planet. Some can trace their origins to over 70 million years ago. Back to a time when dinosaurs still roamed the Earth. While the giant reptiles have disappeared, rainforests continue to thrive growing on every continent except Antarctica.

Two types of rainforests are scattered across the globe. Temperate rainforests and tropical. Temperate rainforests are mainly found in the mid-latitudes. Often near cooler, coastal, mountainous regions. Tropical rainforests are primarily located in warmer climates between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. (thundering)

As their names imply, temperate and tropical rainforests are the wettest forests on earth receiving up to about 33 feet of rain per year. This precipitation plays a critical role in creating an exceptionally lush and biologically diverse habitat.

While rainforests only make up about 6% of the Earth’s surface area, they are home to over half of the World’s plant and animal species. This biodiversity creates benefits that extend far beyond the rainforest boundaries. Rainforest plants produce an assortment of food items. In addition to ingredients useful in everyday products and medicines.

In fact, an estimated 70% of the plants used in cancer treatments are only found in rainforests. On an even larger scale, rainforests help to stabilize the planet’s climate. Its lush, green vegetation regulates global temperatures by absorbing massive amounts of radiation from the Sun. They also absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide and convert them into oxygen, about 40% of the planet’s breathable air.

Over the past few centuries, rainforests have disappeared at an alarming rate. Factors such as economic inequalities, human development, and demand for natural resources have fueled the deforestation of these rich ecosystems.

At the current rate, rainforests, which have survived for over 70 million years, may completely disappear within the next century. But through educational campaigns, sustainable logging practices, and cooperation with local communities, deforestation may begin to slow down, helping to preserve rainforests for many generations to come.

• canopies /ˈkænəpiːz/ (n) – The upper layer of trees in a forest that form a cover.
  SYN: covering, roof
  Example: The canopies of the rainforest glitter in the sunlight.

• glitter /ˈɡlɪtər/ (v) – To shine brightly with small flashes of light.
  SYN: sparkle, shine
  Example: The green leaves glitter as the sunlight hits them.
• slither /ˈslɪðər/ (v) – To move smoothly over a surface, like a snake.
  SYN:glide, slide
  Example: Snakes start to slither across the forest floor.
• ecosystems /ˈiːkoʊˌsɪstəmz/ (n) – A community of living organisms interacting with their environment.
  SYN: habitat, biome
  Example: The rainforest is one of the planet’s richest ecosystems.
• trace their origins /treɪs ðeər ˈɔːrɪdʒɪnz/ (v) – To find or discover the beginnings of something.
  SYN: track, discover
  Example: Some rainforests can trace their origins to 70 million years ago.
• roam /roʊm/ (v) – To move freely or wander around.
  SYN: wander, travel
  Example: Dinosaurs used to roam the Earth millions of years ago.
• precipitation /prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/ (n) – Rain, snow, or other forms of water falling from the sky.
  SYN: rainfall, downpour
  Example: Rainforests receive heavy precipitation throughout the year.
• lush /lʌʃ/ (adj) – Rich, green, and full of life.
  SYN: verdant, luxuriant
  Example: The rainforest has lush green vegetation.
• biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsɪti/ (n) – The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
  SYN: variety, diversity
  Example: Rainforests are known for their incredible biodiversity.
• deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃən/ (n) – The process of cutting down forests.
  SYN: logging, clearing
  Example: Deforestation has caused rainforests to disappear at an alarming rate.
• sustainable logging practices /səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈlɔːɡɪŋ ˈpræktɪsɪz/ (n) – Cutting down trees in a way that allows the forest to recover.
  SYN: eco-friendly logging, responsible forestry
  Example: By implementing sustainable logging practices, we can help preserve rainforests.

• preserve /prɪˈzɜːrv/ (v) – To keep something safe from harm or destruction.
  SYN: protect, conserve
  Example: Efforts are being made to preserve the rainforest for future generations.

Rainforests are ancient ecosystems, dating back over 70 million years, and are home to diverse wildlife and plants. They exist as temperate or tropical forests, thriving due to heavy rainfall. Despite covering only 6% of Earth’s surface, they house over half of the world’s species and play a critical role in producing oxygen, stabilizing the climate, and providing resources like medicine and food. However, deforestation driven by human activity threatens their survival. Efforts like education, sustainable logging, and community cooperation are key to preserving these vital ecosystems for future generations.